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Photo by Ari LeVaux. Note the green coriander balls floating around.

If you are sensitive to smell and taste of cilantro, you might want to stop reading. You most likely have an extra copy of a gene dubbed Olfactory Receptor 6A2, which codes for a protein that detects molecules called aldehydes, including the ones that give cilantro its soapy smell and flavor. And, unless you grew up in South Asia, Latin America or the Middle East, chances are you were never given an opportunity to appreciate this fragrant herb. Your infrequent encounters with cilantro, usually unexpected, have probably been colossal turnoffs. You might have created a profile at the website ihatecilantro.com, and perhaps even posted a haiku there.
But for the rest of us non-haters, early summer is prime time to enjoy cilantro, in all of its forms: including the sexually mature form.
Cilantro grows so fast it tends to be one of the season’s first leafy herbs to produce. And almost as quickly, it bolts, a process also known as going to seed. When an annual plant bolts, it basically hits puberty, and a lot of physiological and structural changes happen.
In the U.S., bolting is generally considered the end of the line for cilantro as a cash crop, as it is with lettuce or other leafy plants. Many farmers will plant cilantro every two weeks or so, ensuring they always have a row they can harvest.
When cilantro bolts, the plant becomes adorned with a crown of little white flowers. The stems become woody, and the leaves become narrow and spindly. While most American farmers will abandon the crop at this point in favor of the younger generation, in India the fun is just beginning.
The flowers quickly give way to green bulbous seed pods commonly known as coriander. Ground coriander is used in many spice mixes in Asia, where it is considered at least as valuable as the leaf. In fact, the plant is called coriander in most of English speaking Asia, while the cilantro phase of its life cycle is often known as “coriander leaf.” Elsewhere the two phases are called “coriander” and “coriander seed.”
If you happen to be one of the unfortunates who don’t like the leaf, you probably aren’t going to suddenly become enamored of the similar-tasting seeds. But if you are a fan of the soapy aldehydes, then you have a lot of options this time of year, especially if you have some bolting cilantro in the garden.
If--when--it starts to bolt, don’t worry. You might want to plant a new generation, but don’t give up on the ones that are rapidly advancing toward a state of sexual maturity. Instead, those flowers should be watched with the kind of anticipation that is usually reserved for a strawberry that will soon ripen. The petals will drop, and the green round fruit that remain are a fleeting treasure of summer. Soon they harden into the brown woody spice that you are probably familiar with. The green form of the spice tastes like the in-between stage that it is: not quite the leafy herb we are used to, nor the hardened pod with little seeds rattling around inside. The green pods are crunchy and juicy, like the fruit they are, and packed with solid flavor.
As they don’t need to be ground, like dried coriander, the ripened cilantro fruits can be scattered with abandon, into salads or sauces, or crushed, mashed and blended into dressings.
One of my favorite ways to use cilantro fruit is in a Thai-style green coconut curry. The Thais aren’t known to shy away from the soapy aldehydes, and crushed coriander leaf, as they call it, is an integral part of green curry paste. Thus, scattering a few balls of green coriander into the finished product-or at any stage of the cooking-will add depth to the flavor of your favorite green curry recipe, without hijacking it.
So don’t worry when your cilantro starts to bolt. Get excited. Very excited.
There is only one big difference between how you handle a bolted or bolting cilantro plant, and a young one. With a bolting plant, the skinny leaves, flowers and of course the fruit are all edible, but the stems become noticeably woody, so you have to strip them from the branches. Other than that, use the newly morphed anatomical features however you would good ole’ cilantro.
I’ll end with a recipe for Indian-style “coriander” chutney. The leaf is called for, but the flowers and pods can be added to sumptuous effect. There are many, many variations on this recipe, and they can include, variously, coconut, tamarind, yogurt, mint and other South Asian ingredients. You should peruse the interwebs or other resources to find the coriander chutney recipe that works best for you. This one comes from Vikas Khanna’s book Flavors First.

Ingredients:

1 large bunch cilantro, washed and roughly chopped (about 2 ounces)
6 scallions, coarsely chopped
2 hot green chile peppers (such as Serrano or Thai), roughly chopped
1 teaspoon sugar
2 tablespoons peeled, chopped fresh ginger
1 teaspoon ground cumin
1 teaspoon salt
1/4 cup fresh lemon juice
1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
 
Procedure
 
“Place all the ingredients except olive oil in a blender. Blend at medium speed, slowly drizzling in the olive oil, until smooth. Store refrigerated, in an airtight container for up to 3 days.”
 To this I would only add that I made it with lime instead of lemon, and that I slowly toasted the cumin seeds in a dry pan before grinding them, which really brings out the flavor. It can also be frozen.
As Indians and patrons of Indian restaurants alike are well aware, there is no end to the ways in which this chutney can be used. I recently baked some salmon in it. I dipped chips in it. I spread it on flatbread, poured it on my rice with vegetables, and even used it, along with some extra lime and salt, to make ceviche.
This chutney comes with a bonus to those who are on the fence about cilantro, or who wish to try to break free of their aversion to it. By pulverizing the leaves, enzymes are released that digest the soapy aldehyde compounds, making it more palatable to the cilantro-sensitive types.
Think of this chutney, or one like it, as a gateway to cilantro appreciation. It’s a skill that will serve you well.